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was a theoretical physicist of Jewish ethnicity, born in Germany, stateless since 1896, Swiss since 1899, emigrated in 1933 to the USA, naturalized American in 1940, university professor at Berlin and Princeton. He was the author of the theory of relativity and one of the most brilliant scientists of mankind. In 1921 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. Most of his contributions to physics are related to the theory of special relativity (1905), which combines mechanics with electromagnetism, and the theory of general relativity (1915) which extends the principle of relativity of non-uniform motion, developing a new theory of gravity. His other contributions include relativistic cosmology, capillary theory, classical problems of statistical mechanics with applications in quantum mechanics, explanation of Brownian motion of molecules, probability of atomic transition, quantum theory for monoatomic gas, thermal properties of light (whose study led to the development of photonic theory), radiation theory (which includes stimulated emission), unit field theory and physics geometry. Einstein's best-known formula is E = mc², which quantifies the available energy of matter. On this formula is based atomistics, the section of physics that studies nuclear energy. Einstein did not manifest himself only in the field of science. He was an active militant of peace and a supporter of the cause of the Jewish people to whom he belonged. Einstein has published over 300 scientific papers and over 150 in other fields.
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