Question

Se obtine nitrobenzen prin nitrarea benzenului cu 1000 kg amestec nitrant ce contine 50% H2SO4;40% HNO3 si 10% H2O.Care este compozitia solutiei reziduale(% masice) stiind ca ea contine 5% HNO3?

Answer 1

INITIAL:
AMESTEC NITRANT : 1000kg
HNO₃ : 400 Kg
H₂SO₄ : 500kg
H₂O : 100Kg
REACTIONEAZA :
HNO₃ : m kg    (m/63 kmoli)
FINAL :
SOLUTIE REZIDUALA : m = 1000kg - mHNO₃ reactionat + mH₂O din reactie=
1000 - m + m/63 ·18 = 1000 - m + 2m/7 = 1000 - 5m/7
HNO₃ : 400 - m
H₂SO₄ : 500kg
H₂O : 100+ mH₂O din reactie = 100 + 2m/7
mHNO₃ /m sol.rezid. ·100 = 5
100(400-m) = 5(1000 - 5m/7)
8000 - 20m = 1000- 5m/7  135m/7 = 7000   ⇒ m= 49000/135 = 9800/27 kg
⇒mHNO₃ = 400 - 9800/27 = 1000/27 KG = ≈37kg
ms = 1000 - 5/7 ·9800/27 =≈ 1000 - 260 = 740kg
COMPOZITIA SOLUTIEI REZIDUALE :
HNO₃ : 5%
H₂SO₄ : 500/740 ·100 = 67,56%
H2O : 27,44%