Question

Vreau si eu un referat in Engleză despre un castel sau o catedrală din Anglia.Urgent va rogg!!!!

Answer 1

In 597 Pope Gregory I sent the monk Augustine (later called "de Canterbury"), then deviate to a Benedictine monastery in Rome, to convert Anglo-Saxons from the former Roman colony to Christianity. His mission was a success, Augustin settling in Canterbury, where he founded several churches and monasteries, including a cathedral dedicated to the Holy Savior. It became the headquarters of the Archbishopric of Canterbury.

Between the 8th and 9th centuries the cathedral was enlarged, with a rather high central tower. Chronicler Eadmer said that it had a basilica plan similar to that of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. During Archbishop Dunstan, a new Benedictine monastery was added to the cathedral between 960-988, besides the old monastic complex of Augustine's time.

In 1011, the cathedral was seriously damaged during the Viking incursions over England. During Archbishop Lyfing (1013-1020) or his successor Aethelnoth (1020-1038), an oratory of St. Mary was added to the cathedral. According to the archaeological excavations, the oratory was hexagonal, was flanked by towers and contained the Archbishop's throne, later moved to the cathedral.

The cathedral was destroyed by a fire in 1067, a year after the Normans conquered England and established a new government. The construction of the present cathedral began in 1070, under the command of the first Norman archbishop, Lanfranc (1070-1077). He decides to build a new cathedral, modeled on the Saint-Étienne Abbey in Caen, Normandy. The cathedral was completed and sanctified in 1077.

In 1096 the cathedral was enlarged, and three chapels were built in the years to come. As in most Romanesque churches, the interior was very rich, chronicler William Malmesbury said: Nowhere in England can be seen so many bright glass windows, bright marble pavements, or more colored paintings like Canterbuty. A crucial moment in the history of the cathedral is the assassination of Archbishop Thomas Becket. He wanted the churchmen who committed wrongs to be judged by the church, unlike King Henry II, who wanted their trial in the civil courts. Because of these misunderstandings, the king's knights murdered the archbishop without the king's will, believing they were doing well.

In 1174 the cathedral's choir was severely damaged by a fire, requiring a major renovation. Except for the surviving crypt, all the ancient Romanesque buildings have been replaced with some Gothic style.

In 1534, following the Protestant Reformation, King Henry VIII broke ties with the papacy and founded the Anglican Church. Thus, the cathedral, originally Roman Catholic, became the site of Anglicanism. Also during this period the monastic orders were forbidden, and the abolished English monasteries, including those in the whole cathedral.

Over the years, fireworks or other events have taken place at the cathedral's restoration works, the last one taking place in 1834. Currently, the Canterbury cathedral is considered to be one of the most important religious edifices in the world and a important tourist attraction.