Question

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The Magic Of Pantomime

The Christmas season in the UK would be nothing without the traditional ' Panto ' . These funny musical plays date back to the Middle Ages and are based on a combination of Italian comedy and British Music Hall.
Comedians , singers and dancers perfom in hilariously exaggerated ways. The shows are mostly aimed at children and are based on popular fairy stories and filk legends. The most popular stories tend to be Cinderella , Snow White , Sleeping Beauty and Aladdin.
Pantomime has become big businss in the UK. Large theatres are in competition with each other for the best fairy stories as well as star performers who will help bring in large crowds to cover expenses.
Pantomimes can often run for six to eight weeks. This obviously means they provide musch - needed profits for theatres up and down the country . Over the years , it has ombined many different features of theatre and so , in adapting , has managed to avoid extiction of a kind . The novelty aspect too has always been important to its survival. Traditional pantomime , in order to remain popular , had to keep up- to - date with events and new trends. In doing so , it remains one of the most popular forms of entertainment in the country.
To be described as traditional , a pantomime needs to have a strong story line and include all the important elements of ' good ' battling against ' evil ' , with the good guy always being the winner. Even today , the pantomime ' baddie ' is always the first to come on stage from the dark side , followed by his competitor , the ' goodie ' from the right side.
Song and dance are also important to support the traditional plot , with influences from Italian comedy and characters performing various situations to delight audiences . These comic chases and situations have come to be known as ' Slapstick ' comedy. This from of comedy takes its name from a device that was carried by a pantomime character and used as both a weapon and a magic wand . It made a loud ' slapping ' noise when used , for example by the star comedian , in order to create a more theatrical effect when hitting fellow actors.
The most famous of those pantomime clowns was Joseph Grimaldi , making his first appearance in 1800. He had such an effect on his audiences that they would leave the theatre singing his sings. Pantomime now had its first real star. The elements of comedy , song and slapstick that have become the basic ingredients of successful pantomime had been established.
Grimaldi also succeeded in setting up another tradition . The tradition of cross-dressing , where men play female roles and women play male roles . This comes from the early days of theatre , when it was not acceptable for women to become actresses. Another example of this role reversal is the all - important pantomime dame , a comic old lady , played by a male actor , which was a role created during the Victorian era . Audiences love seeing their favourite comedian playing the part. The dame is warm and comic , but never plays dirty tricks. Often the costumes are used to good effect by copying different fashions in an exaggerated way.
The other elementof pantomime during the first and second world wars was , in contrast , the role of the ' principal ' boy traditionally played by a girl . By the 1950s , famous male actors began playing the part followed by pop stars until finally ladies began , once again , to return to the role. Pantomime has always tended to adapt to the times by taking on the ' popular ' stars of the day as well as other famous groups of performers. Pantomime could not survive , of course , without one particular chorus of dancers. Today , for reasons of economy , the average group can number between six or eignt dancers. Some have as few as two or four professional dancers with ' extra ' youngsters known as ' babes ' .
Despite the general competition from other forms of entertainment , traditional pantomime has survived and a visit to a show may be a child ' s first experience of live theatre . If that experience is magical enough , it may leave a lasting impression . In a world where children are surrounded by computer games , DVDs and television , a visit to a pantomime could well change their view of theatre . It is hoped that this unique tradition will continue long into the future , with actors shouting , '' Oh no it's not ! '' and children in the audience responding '' On yes it is ! '' as loudly as ever.


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Answer 1

How did comedians, singers and dancers perform?
Who was the most famous of those pantomime clowns?
What are the ingredients  of successful pantomime?
Who set up another tradition?
What did the audiences love seeing?

Cum performau comediantii, cantaretii si dansatorii?
Care a fost cel mai celebru clovn de pantomima?
Care sunt ingredientele undei pantomime de succes?
Cine a stabilit o alta traditie?
Ce ii placea audientei sa vada?