va rog sa dati cate un exemplu pentru fiecare reactie:
1.r. de aditie a hidrogenului la:-alchene,alcadiene,alchine,arene
2.r. de aditie a halogenilor la:-alchene,alchine,alcadiene,arene
3.r. de aditie a hidracizilor la:-alchene,alchine
4.r.de aditie a apei la:-alchene,alchine
5.r.de polimerizare la etena,propena,1,3-butadiena
6.r. de copolimerizare a 1,3-butadienei cu stirenul
Răspunsuri la întrebare
1.r. de aditie a hidrogenului la:-alchene,alcadiene,alchine,arene
alchena:
CH2=CH-CH3 + H2 --Ni--> CH3-CH2-CH3
propena propan
alcadiena
CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H2 --Ni--> [CH3-CH=CH-CH3] --> CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
1,3-butadiena 2-butena (intermediar) butan
CH≡C-CH3 + H2 --Pd/Pb²⁺--> CH2=CH-CH3
propina propena
CH≡C-CH3 + 2H2 --Ni--> CH3-CH2-CH3
propina propan
arena:
C6H6 + 4H2 --Ni--> C6H14 (ciclohexan)
benzen
2.r. de aditie a halogenilor la:-alchene,alchine,alcadiene,arene
alchena:
CH2=CH-CH3 + Cl2 --CCl4--> CH2-CH-CH3
Cl Cl
propena 1,2-dicloropropan
alcadiena
CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + Cl2 -CCl4-> [CH2-CH=CH-CH2] --> CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
Cl Cl
1,3-butadiena 1,4-dicloro-2-butena (intermediar)
[CH2-CH=CH-CH2] --> CH2-CH-CH-CH2
Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl
1,2,3,4-tetraclorobutan
Cl
CH≡C-CH3 + 2Cl2 -CCl4-> CH3-C-CH3
Cl
propina 2,2-dicloropropan
arena:
C6H6 + 3Cl2 --lumina--> C6H6Cl6 (hexaclorociclohexan)
benzen
3.r. de aditie a hidracizilor la:-alchene,alchine
alchena:
CH2=CH-CH3 + HCl ---> CH3-CH-CH3
Cl
propena 2-cloropropan
alcadiena
CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + HCl ---> [CH2-CH=CH-CH2] -->
Cl
1,3-butadiena 1-cloro-2-butena
alchina
Cl
CH≡C-CH3 + 2HCl --HgCl2--> CH3-C-CH3
Cl
propina 2,2-dicloropropan
4.r.de aditie a apei la:-alchene,alchine
alchena:
CH2=CH-CH3 + H2O --H2SO4--> CH3-CH-CH3
OH
propena 2-propanol
alcadiena
CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + H2O -H2SO4-> [CH2-CH=CH-CH2] -->
OH OH
1,3-butadiena 2-buten-1,4-diol (intermediar)
[CH2-CH=CH-CH2] --> CH2-CH-CH-CH2
OH OH OH OH OH OH
1,2,3,4-butantetrol
alchina
CH≡C-CH3 + H2O --Pb²⁺/H⁺--> [CH2=C-CH3] <==---> CH3-C-CH3
l ll
OH O
propina propenol (instabil) propanona
5.r.de polimerizare la etena,propena,1,3-butadiena
nCH2=CH2 --polimerizare--> -(--CH2-CH2--)n-
etena polietena
nCH2=CH --polimerizare--> -(--CH2-CH--)n-
CH3 CH3
propena polipropena
nCH2=CH-CH=CH2 --polimerizare--> -(CH2-CH=CH-CH2--)n-
1,3-butadiena polibutadiena
6.r. de copolimerizare a 1,3-butadienei cu stirenul
nxCH2=CH-CH=CH2 + nyCH2=CH --copol.-->
C6H5
--> -[(CH2-CH=CH-CH2-)x-(CH2-CH--)y]n-
C6H5
cauciuc polibutadienstirenic (Buna S / Carom 1500)